Folding
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Folding
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  • Folding is the process through which crustal rocks are bent.
  • It produces anticlines (upfolds) and synclines (downfolds).
  • Folding can produce very large mountains such as the Himalayas and the Rockies.
  • Orogenesis is the process through which mountains are created. There are 3 periods of recent mountain building:
    1. Caledonian Period:310 million years ago. Most mountains created during this period have been destroyed through denudation. Remnants are the Scottish Highlands and the mountains of Scandinavia.
    2. Hercynian Period:240 million years ago. Examples include the Cape Ranges of South Africa, the Appalachians of the United States and Welsh mountains of the UK.
    3. Alpine Period:30 million years ago. Examples include the Alps and the Andes. Mountains created during this period are the highest because the have not yet been reduced by denudation.
  • Folding takes place in three main stages:
    1. Initial bending of rocks as plates come together
    2. Simple Anticlines and Synclines are created.
    3. Formation of fold mountains-asymmetrical folds.
    4. Breaking of the folding results in faults/depressions.
  • Peneplaination is the reduction of fold mountains to a level plain called a peneplain.

    Other Notes in this Category

    1. Action of Ice
    2. Deserts
    3. Folding
    4. Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift
    5. The action of rivers
    6. Vulcanicity and Landforms
    7. Weathering
    8. Work of Ice

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