Position before 1911
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• Government
• 1905 Adopted Constitution
• After 1905 Japanese Victory over Russia
• 1908 Guangxu and Cixi dead within 24 hours of each other.
• Prince Chun regent. Continues with reforms. Very weak.
• To assert his authourity and appeal to opponents of Yuan Shikai, Yuan Shikai (General of Bejing army) dismissed.
• Actions were intended as a sign of authourity, but were in actual fact a show of stupidity to followers and critics.
• Reforms did not go far enough and increased taxation.
• Railways nationalised
• Causes
• Had acted as instrument of western domination
• Feared losing control
• Nature
• Large foreign loans negotiated to pay for it
• Effects
• Further debt
• Commercial interests against it
• Aggravated even after tax riots during the decade

Other Notes in this Category

1. 1898 Boxer Risings
2. 1911 Revolution
3. Causes of the Growth of Nationalism
4. Northern Expedition & White Terror 1923-7
5. Position before 1911
6. Situation Before 1900
7. Situation before 1911
8. Warlord Era 196-27, Growth of CCP
9. Yuan Shikai and Sun Yatsen

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