Northern Expedition & White Terror 1923-7
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• United front
• Formed because
• CCP interpreted "people's livelihood" as meaning socialism
• 1923 Came together
• Incidents in 1925
• 30 May crowd marched in Shanghai in protest against earlier shooting of Chinese workers by Japanese
• British commander kills 12 demonstrators in attempt at suppression
• Strikes and riots followed
• Before incident Chiang Kai-Shek becomes nationalist leader, as Sun Yatsen had died
• Bigger rift between CCP and GMD results
• The conflict was caused primarily by the radicalisation of the party under the influence of the Communists. They organized labour unions and peasant associations and pushed class struggle and the anti-imperialist movement
• Members assassinated and deported as communists try to split conservatives and radicalise agenda
• Nationalists
• The KMT held its First National Congress in Canton on Jan. 20-30, 1924
• Held a base in Canton
• Northern Expedition 1926-7 Wipes out War Lords
• Southern forces, although outnumbered gain victory
• Helped by Revolutionary spirit
• Propaganda corps
• which subverted enemy troops
• Soviet Aid
• military advisers
• Soviet pilots
• Army was well financed
• Fiscal reforms in Kwangtung during the previous year
• many enemy divisions and brigades were bought over
• Unstable Politically
• Peasant revolt marked
• Business in the industrial and commercial centre of the middle Yangtze, the Wu-han cities, was nearly paralyzed by a wave of strikes.

• British concessions in Han-k'ou and Chiu-chiang were seized by Chinese crowds
• White Terror April 1927
• Beforehand
• the leftists at Wu-han, guided by Borodin, pitted themselves against Chiang and his more conservative military supporters
• Nanking Taken.
• With this achieved, Chiang turns on Communists
• As a result of pressure from
• Nationalist Commanders
• Army Leaders
• Businessmen
• Growth of trade union movement under Zhou Enlai in Shanghai
• Had undermined warlord's attempts to stop Chiang
• Chinese General Labour Union now crushed
• Creation of Nationalist Government in Nanking
• Death of 5,000 communists
• Communists Revolt
• Uprising in Nanchang
• Attempted "Autumn Harvest" Rising in several provinces
• Many supporters defected / died
• Some set up bases in remote hills
• Northern Expedition Continues

Other Notes in this Category

1. 1898 Boxer Risings
2. 1911 Revolution
3. Causes of the Growth of Nationalism
4. Northern Expedition & White Terror 1923-7
5. Position before 1911
6. Situation Before 1900
7. Situation before 1911
8. Warlord Era 196-27, Growth of CCP
9. Yuan Shikai and Sun Yatsen

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