Aquitaine
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Conflict between the Royals – Charles the Bald and Pippin increased the region’s vulnerability – Pippin’s failure to defend Bordeaux triggered widespread Aqutainian defection to Charles in 848 – heavy losses 840s including Bordeaux.

Importance of royal action – always local will to resist Northmen – the King pegged local resistance to a wider defence strategy – when Charles the Bald was able to help Aquitaine, like re-fortification of Angouleme relatively successful

Charles the Bald cooperates with Salomon (head of Bretons) scoring some successes against the NorthMen

Charles the Bald’s preferred tactic of recruiting one Viking group to use against othersl

Severity of attacks in 880s? Why so severe?

Concentre on middle kingdom of Lotharingia – split between East and West kingdoms, no one considered it heartland, vulnerable.

Not just fatalistic passivity – some resistance with payments The Frankish elite might choose to defend their own social position in preference to their own peope – peasants thought safest defence was flight.

Charles may have belittled “unauthorised castella” or aristocratic defences

Viking effects on the Frankish economy – were Viking activities a stimulus to the Frankish economy – flight of labour from Seine to Champagne meant Charles the Bald had permitted peasants to keep wages earned as wage labourers, short-term effects for those that fled painful predatory consumers were not imperialists.

Other Notes in this Category

1. After Charles the Bald
2. Aquitaine
3. Caroligians - Vikings and Frankish Empire
4. Charlemagne and the Imperial Coronation of 800
5. Crisis 829 – 30
6. Ecclesia Francorum
7. Evaluation of Charles the Bald in relation to his predecessors
8. Frankish Gaul to 814 - Paul Fourace
9. Frankish Kingdoms 814 – 898 – The West
10. Germany In The Early Middle Ages – Reuter
11. Judith Herrin – Carolingian Innovation From The Formation Of Christendom
12. Lateran Synod 769
13. Populus Francorum
14. Regnum and Regna
15. Scandinavians and Others
16. The Emergence Of The East Franksih Kingdom 800 – 43
17. The end of Carolingian Expansion - Timothy Reuter
18. Varities of Viking Impact - Seine

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