Scandinavians and Others
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• Northmen raids becoming highly disruptive and Charles two prong strategy: friendly with leaders, fortresses on rivers – controls Seine in 860s but Aquitaine hit particularly badly.
• Scandanavians impact serious: lost royal treasury, 845 7000 to Ragnar, prestige loss not defending own, loss royal control diminishing interventions in Neustria
• 859 – unifying factor peasants protect themselves between Seine and Lire, landlords sew them thinking rebellion, reminded how powerful social control the King is.
• Allowed imposition of taxes, also Edict of Pitres suggesting landlords should protect their peasantry – trading benefit volume transactions, not just plunder increased – debasement of coinage with large numbers of transactions. 864 Charles realm wide coinage reform –revaluation – inter and intra region coinage distribution – peasants, king and aristocracy benefit.

Other Notes in this Category

1. After Charles the Bald
2. Aquitaine
3. Caroligians - Vikings and Frankish Empire
4. Charlemagne and the Imperial Coronation of 800
5. Crisis 829 – 30
6. Ecclesia Francorum
7. Evaluation of Charles the Bald in relation to his predecessors
8. Frankish Gaul to 814 - Paul Fourace
9. Frankish Kingdoms 814 – 898 – The West
10. Germany In The Early Middle Ages – Reuter
11. Judith Herrin – Carolingian Innovation From The Formation Of Christendom
12. Lateran Synod 769
13. Populus Francorum
14. Regnum and Regna
15. Scandinavians and Others
16. The Emergence Of The East Franksih Kingdom 800 – 43
17. The end of Carolingian Expansion - Timothy Reuter
18. Varities of Viking Impact - Seine

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