French and British Agriculture
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·        Context: country places, constant communication with people themselves, opinions

·        Century behind in terms of agricultural science and skill – till land routine of fathers – dull, unenlightened passive content unhonoured occupation and tendency to towns - centralizing system of govt.- Paris is where you become status and wealth – little intelligence left in the county – country gentleman educated and ideas for the land

·        Those with capital, active interest in farming active interest tenantry’s work utterly ignorant boors allowed to plod on

·        Small size of land bad for yields – get out of it bad credit exceeds gain from land – under capitalized farm land – little surplus – small laborer work hard with a spade, larger proprietor could afford a plough

·        Do produce an industrious popn., moral appreciation, independence – frequent bankrupt as buy more land – peasants falling into hands capitalist

·        See Salvation in Socialism – runnier labour no resource but casual charity = law grinds down property to size cannot support himself – sees nothing but a scramble – points to possibly revolution – no and, no food.

Claret and Olives: “Utterly ignorant boors are allowed to plod on from generation to generation wrapped up in the most dismal mists of agricultural superstition… .. infinitesimal patches of land are cultivated in the most rude and uneconomical fashion

Dispersion about the mean may have been far wider in France 0 France cereals and potatoes continued to be grown on elevations and climatic conditions long since abandoned in England to animal husbandry

On land of comparable quality French farmers could achieve yields in grain production not very far below British levels – IN SCALE AND TENURE does not differ widely form the rest of France – not widey enough to invalidate our point that our basic point that even in the late 19^th century quality of land was a more important determinant of physical yields per hectare

Arthur Young

ARTHUR YOUNG

Territories where fallow banished show benefits – Falners, Arotis, Alsance – barbarous course of fallow, wehat, spring corn

Equality of rents between the two kingdoms – all savings of the lower classes are invested in Land in France – not in England – competition for land in France

Great deficiency in the capital stock of England – inconsiderable land improvement and the quality of animal is low 458,500,000 capital deficiency

Soil quality high in many parts of France, but squandered on fallow fields etc. change of the rotation of crop is the only thing wanted to alter the face of these provinces

Where the land is good, they crop without mercy, and where it is bad, they have nothing but fallows and weeds, instead of turnips and sainfoin – NEED FOR TURNIPS AS OPPOSED TO FALLOW

System of management in Enclosed fields is the same as the system of management in open fields. Without a regular system of enclosure no cattle can be kept – - without enclosure half of France cannot possibly support the requisite stock of cattle and sheep.

Too much waste land in Britain

“in general they are poor and miserable, much arising from the minute division of their little farms among all children”

Small farms lead to massive industry of workers

Other Notes in this Category

1. Ancient Cities
2. Carolignian Period
3. Charles the Bald
4. Chronology of Byzantium and Persia
5. Dynasty of Theodosius I and Barbarians in the West
6. French and British Agriculture
7. Islamic Conquests up to 700 a.d. - Islamic Strenghts / Roman Weaknesses?
8. Islamic Conquests up to 700 a.d. - Islamic Strenghts / Roman Weaknesses?
9. MOHAMMED, CHARLEMAGEN AND THE ORIGINS OF EUROPE
10. New Centres of Power in the 8th and Ninth Century
11. Peace and War - Rome and Persia - 5-7th Centuries
12. Practice Questions
13. The Age of Attila
14. The Decline of the Ancient World
15. The Mediterranean and the Dilemma of the Roman Empire in Late antiquity
16. Warfare
17. Was successful Kingship in Merovingian Gaul simply a matter of being an effective and lucky war lead
18. Why did the western empire fall when the east survived?

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