Personnel
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·        Strictly speaking no official just for foreign affairs in this period, but Master of the offices – created 4^th century encompassed foreign relations, but by no means only role. 5^th and 6^th centuries diplomacy one of his main roles.

·        Evolved into role by early 5^th century – aye 4^th early 5^th tempting to see that as related to Emperor becoming less mobile and staying Constantinople. Many maigistri came from imperial treasury so see subsidies and gifts – tenuous looking backwards does not help us.

·        As 6^th century approaches evidence of increased tenure in office 4.1 in 5^th to 6.2 in 6^th, 9.5. if we include Peter the Patrician. At best do not disprove specialisation theory.

·        Never during any of period special corps of diplomats or envoys, come from a wide variety of backgrounds military officers, bodyguard, clergy, and physicians. However number of envoys sent again and again rises in the later periods.

·        4^th century – 1 case repeat, 5^th century still small 6 but in 6^th century – Rufinus seven embassies to Persia, long long list of repeating envoys etc.

·        Know people and conditions but greater preparedness for what going to encounter.

·        Significant evidence of family links with this role in 6^th century – yes nepotism but more likely pride and honour, capitalise good will and honour, and begin mission with considerable advantage to an unknown.

·        Again formal structures have not changed but adaptation undoubtedly taking olace within existing frameworks - increasing recognition of need for greater attention in conduct of foreign + value of specialisation. With written records consistent late Roman government adopting more organised approach to empire’s external relations – making better use of resources and skills. Response to changing circumstances.

Other Notes in this Category

1. Aims
2. At the interface - The frontier Regions
3. Geographical Knowledge
4. Personnel
5. Resources for Foreign Relations, Records
6. Roman Aims
7. Sasanian Persia
8. Strategic Intelligence in relations with Persia

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