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·        Act between all atoms and molecules.

·        Van der Waals forces are caused by the formation of temporary dipoles due to constant movement of electrons.

·        The size of the force depends on the size of the molecule. In a large molecule, there are more electrons therefore the Van der Waals forces between large molecules are stronger than between smaller molecules.

Permanent dipole forces

·        Occur between molecules with permanent dipoles.

·        Permanent dipoles are formed when there is a large difference in electronegativity between two atoms bonded together in a covalent bond. This causes the shared pair of electrons to be shared unequally. They are pulled towards the more electronegative atom.

·        e.g. H---F has a permanent dipole. The shared pair of electrons are shared unequally and are pulled towards the electronegative F atom.

Other Notes in this Category

1. Van
2. Van der Waal’s Forces

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