Digestion and Nutrition
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Digestion and Nutrition
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Explain why digestion of large food molecules is essential

o        Large food molecules must be digested as they are crucial to our bodies. We would die if we could not digest them

Explain the needs for enzymes in digestion

o        Enzymes are 3D globular proteins. They increase the rate of reaction though they are not part of the reaction. They lower the activiation energy i.e. the amount of energy needed for reaction to occur. Biological Catalysts

State the source, substrate and optimum pH for one of each type of enzyme

Source

Source

Substrate

Products

Optimum pH

Salivary amylase

Salivary glands

Starch

Maltose

Neutral/slightly alkaline

Pepsin

Stomach

Protein

Polypeptides

Very acidic

Pancreatic lipase

Pancreas

Fats

Monoglycerides and fatty acids

Alkaline

 

Draw a diagram of the digestive system including mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus, liver, pancreas and gall bladder

Draw a villus in vertical section

Define absorption

  • Absorption is the movement of a molecule(s) across a membrane; usually by active transport in humans

    Explain the concept of a balanced diet

  • A balanced diet is one that supplies all the necessary nutritional foodstuffs. Age may determine which foodstuffs are prioritised. Health is also a determining factor.

    Explain the general importance of vitamins and minerals

  • Vitamins and Minerals are health enhancers but it is their abcense in the body that signifies a problem. They are involved in many small ways to maintain normal growth and metabolism.

    o        Vitamins are organic compounds

    o        Minerals are organic elements

    Outline the problems associated with Obesity

    o        where body weight is 20% greater than the maximum body weight desirable for a person’s height.

    o        Probably the oldest metabolic disorder

    o        Occurs when excess food stored in body.

    o        Risk of Cororany Heart disease, strokes, diabetes, Gall Bladder disease.

    o        Caused by

    §         lack of exercise

    §         smoking and drinking

    §         bad diet

    §         over eating

    Other Notes in this Category

    1. Defence against Infectious Disease
    2. Digestion and Nutrition
    3. Gas Exchange
    4. Reproduction
    5. The Transport System

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